[Abstract] explore the life history of this industry Xinhua copy by copying industry Beijing university personal life history Xinhua County in Hunan practitioners. This article believes that the formation of the Xinhua photocopying industry is closely related to the social structure and local culture of Xinhua County, and has experienced a stepped development process. In more than 40 years of development, people in Xinhua have continuously learned new technologies, introduced new equipment, and continuously pushed the industry to new heights, and gains have become an inexhaustible driving force for the development of the industry. In the process of industrial development, the formation of an industrial chain centered on second-hand refurbished copiers played a decisive role in the development of the industry.
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[Key words] Xinhua phenomenon; industrial chain; the industrial history of life; stepwise development
is a subsidiary of Xinhua County of Loudi City, Hunan county, located in the central west of Hunan Province, the territory of mountain horizon, harsh environments.2009,Xinhua County, population 1.3 million, of arable land 72million mu capita per is less than 0.5 acres.Such people will be less rigid structure, making the Xinhua County has been "tosubsidize agriculture to technology," the traditionthe. In 1960, Xinhua Yi people on behalf of Xing, Yu Yi on behalf of the brothers in Sichuan Fuling chance to get a mechanical typewriter repair technology, this as the beginning, after 40years of evolutionary change, Xinhua people throughout the country developed a copy of industrial business networks , employing nearly 200,000 (datafrom theof Guangdong (Hunan)Secretary-General of the Preparatory Committeeoffice supplies industry Province, Xinhua Mr. Ryuzo Yuan association), which formed a very local characteristics,"Xinhua phenomenon." The new phenomenon (model ) is :international trade +professional marketprofessional +store .Xinhua people spread second-hand copying equipment from Japan and the United States to the country through international trade , and then sell them to professional stores through professional markets , thus forming a complete industrial chain . Now , some Xinhua people have started the production and manufacturing of office equipment and consumables , which has opened up a new direction for the Xinhua photocopying industry .
How did the Xinhua photocopying industry start ? What kind of industrial life history did it go through ? With the photocopying industry in Beijing universities as the center , we have conducted research on this .
1research methods and findings
In this paper,of the quantitative and qualitative research methods the combined, time span from 2006 Novemberto September 2007. For people Xinhua market share in the industry, Beijing university copy, using census and survey on a random sample basis.Taking thein Beijing 56general undergraduate colleges and universitiesas the sampling frame , the according to the school number 7equidistant sampling was carried out in units of . A total of 8collegesuniversitiesselected and, werenamely :Peking University (Haidian ), Beijing University of Chemical Technology (Haidian ), University of International business and economics (Chaoyang), Beijing Institute of Technology
(Haidian), capital Normal University (Haidian), Beijing Institute of electronic Technology (Fengtai), Beijing Institute of Machinery industry (Haidian), Beijing International Studies University
(sunrise). Thenthese 8conduct a census of the copy shops in and aroundschools .
For the life history of the Xinhua photocopying industry , in-depth interviews are mainly used .Interviewees include:universities,Peking University, copying industry Tsinghua University and other persons engaged in the Xinhua; Beijing, Guangzhou, Shanghai, representatives of various historical periods ofZhuhai and other places, Xinhua industry; Tianjin, Nanjing and other places a copy Handan industry manufacturers and witnesses and so on. A total ofwere obtained 56interview cases .
From the survey results,eighta total ofinstitutions copy shop is 85, people, 55 Xinhua, Xinhua people's market share was 65%, which fully shows:Xinhua people take advantage of the market in Beijing universities copying industry market status, thus proving the "Xinhua existence of phenomenon". So , how did this industry start ?
2 Mobile maintenance mechanical typewriter stage The
Xinhua copy industry started from mobile maintenance mechanical typewriters . The earliest source was Yi Daiyu and Yi Daixing brothers . Whytoin wander outfollow the master 1960, on behalf of Yi Xing said:
"Atthat time because my family is not good ingredients, not to study early surname. 1960, enough to eat, I told my brother, plus a and wander out,and then what do we do to repair steel "itwe
is in the process of repair of the steel sheet, a copy Xinhua industry was born, which, on behalf of Xing Yi
said:"?repair first mechanical typewriter when, in the people's Bank of Fuling. I remember a very simple problems, it has a clip, you tighten it, move forward, move it backward, a locator, positioning it on the right there is a bell.bell positioning allowed it, It has reached the last word . It doesn’t ring the bell . It typed one more word , and it typed two more words , so it was not neatly typed . I just sat there watching her type and saw the problem . I just said , comrades, you have no water, there is ah, she said. she poured me water, I picked up the screwdriver shook, is the problem.after she came back, I'll give her that we are specialized typewriter repair, steel repair but also to repair typewriters, but we are repair kits to repair typewriters, so clear, no matter what time I repaired to 45. $I picked up the screwdriver fiddled about, west and do some, this is for her to see Shua Huaqiang The real thing is to move that place to one place ."
After that, the Yi Daixing and brothersYi Daiyu used the broken typewriters of each unit as a way and platform to learn maintenance techniques :
"I remember a school in Tongnan County , we can not fix it, ran away, but the typewriter gave me the opportunity, we got inside the hostel, they removed the equipment, installed and removed, split back and forth, back and forth loaded, I slowly understand, so to Ya'an , We repaired it with great fanfare ."
Another veteran of the copy industry in Xinhua is Zou Lianjing .Zou Linking is Xinhua County Western Town Village side of the village, his father before liberation to go out repair pen, Zou Linking inherited this craft, and quality, has learned to repair locks, repair flashlights and repair sewing machines and other technology, has been in Hunan, Xinhua The county and its surroundings flow .
In 1970, Zou Linking back to Xinhua, a chance to recognizethe fertile and easy generation of disciples of Chu Yuan tin, it is thanks to their teacher, learning typewriter repair technology. This was an important turning point for the Xinhua photocopying industry , because this industry was later carried forward in the hands of Zou Lianjing .
However , under the state system at that time , the entire social structure was solidified , so both Yi Daixing and Zou Lianjing faced a legal identity problem .In this case, they Sike official seal on a letter of introduction and forgery unit, which makes them a larger but income, also face significant institutional risk.
Regarding the private engraving of the official seal and forging the letter of introduction , Yi Daixing said :
"I remember very clearly that I forged the Wuchang Red Star Cultural Factory at, that timebut at that time I didn't know what office equipment was , I only knew that this was related to culture. I myself forged seal, carved.I write a letter of introduction to plant in order to support the field, our factory techniciansmission ×××to a place, repair typewriters, mimeograph machine, etc.are their own letter of introduction and the official seal carved, starting with The steel plate was engraved and imprinted with a mimeograph ."
Zou Lianjing forged ",Hongwei ElectromechanicalFactory in Anhua CountyHunan Province "., who had RepairZou Lianjingmany ideas, also began to standardize the industry , not only forging the official seal introduction letter , but also privately printing the invoice. And the price list , so that he appears very regular when it comes to mobile maintenance .
Because of introduction mimeograph printing fuzzy, soap carved seal very light in color, then add strict inspection system, which makes the generation of Xing Yi, Zou Linking escape the discernment of experienced police officers, so although there are Komsomolets Tuanhui Wearing it on his chest , Yi Daixing was quickly arrested in the detention center .But after being closed for a few days , it was released and continued to flow . In 1963, Sichuan Liangshan, dressed in stylish clothes Yi Yi brothers in this area is very loud, soon to be eyeing public security personnel, Jiang Fei and as a spy suspect.Aware of the danger of easy to make on behalf of Xing married brother start and he is soon arrested, and forged seal has been sentenced until 1979before returning to Xinhua.
Zou Lianjing was arrested almost every year , such as 1973in Yunmeng County of Hubei inand 1974Shangnan County of Shaanxi in . Every time, they were first taken in and then sent back to Xinhua , but Zou Lianjing continued to move out every time after returning .
After 1978, the country's policy was loosened , how to use Zou Lianjing has become a problem for the relevant departments of Xinhua County . In 1979, Xinhua County related to leadership decided to discuss establishment the of Xinhua County Yangxi typewriter repair shop by Zou Linking served as director of operations,in1980changed Xinhua County typewriter repair shop. This factory is mainly responsible for theletters of introduction and identification of legal identities such asinvoices, as well as the training and assessment of technical personnel . In this way from the beginning of 1979, Zou Linking and easy generation of Hing finally have the legitimacy of identity, Xinhua County typewriter repair is also on the road to normalization of development. By 1983, there are already 200more thanpeople in this industry,indeveloped1987to 2,000more thanpeople in1990to develop 5,000more than people, Xinhua people formed a mobile repair a typewriter army all over the country, which is a copy Xinhua industryin the history "Mobileservicing typewriter" stage of this stageuntil the 20thcentury mid-90suntil the end ofthe out of a mechanical typewriter.
3 In the mobile maintenance copier stage,
Xinhua’s first batch of mobile maintenance Black White Copiers were Long Sanyuan , Yang Guisong and Zeng Qidong .
In the process of repairing mobile typewriters , some Xinhua people met with photorefurbished copiers one after another , and many people have a fascinating technical learning story .
Regarding howin 1986to learn copier maintenance technology , Long Sanyuan recalled :
"At that time, I was very young and liked to study . By chance , I learned that the birthplace of China's first copier was the Hanguang Copier Factory in Handan, Hebei. who, at that time they were operating in Japan's beautiful refurbished copiers,when they opened the exhibition in Guiyang copier, I just know that one of their top engineers, Wang Lihua called, I told him to learn copier maintenance."with
office equipment More and more complex , an important issue is thewhen starting to learn new technologies "thrilling jump ". Once a pioneer learn new technologies, Xinhua that "geo community" technology diffusion mechanism inside will start at an incredible rate, and spread quickly. After learning the "unbelievable " copier technology , Long Sanyuan withdrew from the typewriter maintenance business in Xiaguan, Yunnan, and started the mobile maintenance stage of Color copiers . He went toknown as "heaven " Tibet ,, Long Sanyuan said:
"Ilive in the Tibet Autonomous Region industry Office hostel, has several car at the door waiting for me every morning to go to them to repair the machine, I was the first generation to go to Tibet to repair the copier with the two disciples, that At that time, only the department-level units had photorefurbished copiers , so theyprovincial capital cities . went to theOh, in Tibet , each unit takes care of tobacco and alcohol , and there are department-level cadres to accompany you for dinner . That's true ."
Once more advanced technology is learned , Profits are realized to an incredible degree , coupled withhonor and the joyful experience of the spiritual level ofdignity , which leads to a strong drive to learn new technologies . It is this profit-driven model that makes the stepped development of the new copy industry .
At this time , Yang Guisongin Shantou University and also met with photo Production Printers Zeng Qidong in Guangzhou . Through similar learning stories , he successively mastered the repair technology of photorefurbished copiers .
Andthese pioneer in the introduction of new technologies "regional after community", their descendants often new introduce interpretation of the exquisite service story.NowZhongguancun Science and Trade 5thLiu Hongyuruns a second-hand copier shop on thefloor of ,, whohas visited some state agencies to repair refurbished copiers . For 1996,the first color copier repair things, Liu Hongyu remember:
"Atthat time also a fellow football live, after completion, people say, there is a big thing you can fix it like? looked I Like cupboard, a copy machine.people say, color,180,000$ of it. At that time it plainly, I was also off the mark, had not seen it all. I said repaired, how you have to give me three or four thousand dollars, if not repaired, in case of bad repair, I do not lose. he said this does not matter, someone came to repair ourselves to give Japan, is the warranty, but now anxious to make the fact that failure is a code issue.I feel that the code is similar to the code of the analog machine . Atthat time, Canon machines were also exposed to quite a lot . I checked based on the information of the error code . The result was that the temperature of the fuser was faulty , that is, the heated part . At that time, there was no color. seen, is not the same as I do not know, I tried, a one yard to try, hey, try a code solution, and the error message that lifted it to "Feng flag:
the history of life Xinhua copying industry The market perspective of the
mobile maintenance copier stage continues to this day , and it is already in the declining stage .This is due to the sale of the copier now responsible for the basic warranty, which makes this market is very small, while the original flow of maintenance or repair shop to open, or to open the copy shop, now engaged in mobile repair refurbished copiers Xinhua very few people.