What is microbiology?

Considering that the organisms are so small that they cannot be seen by the naked eye, understanding their structure and functions can be difficult. Moreover, the microbial world can equate to the diversity we see in the animal or plant kingdom. It is estimated that there are around one billion different types of microbes that inhabit different ecological niches of the earth. Despite the staggering diversity, microbes can easily be classified into five major categories, namely, bacteria, archaea, viruses, fungi, and protists. The study of these organisms and their beneficial and harmful effects constitutes microbiology.

Branches of microbiology

Microbiology can further be divided into specific niches that deal with various aspects of these microbes. These can be purely academic (studying about microbes) or practical (using microbes to obtain valuable products). Most universities usually have a separate paper on these branches of microbiology. Some of the common sub-topics covered under microbiology include:

• Bacteriology is the study of bacteria.
• Virology is the study of viruses.
• Mycology is the study of fungi.
• Phycology is the study of algae.
• Protozoology is the study of protozoa.
• Parasitology is the study of parasites.
• Immunology is the study of the immune system.
• Microbial physiology is the study of microbial cell functions, including their growth and metabolism.
• Microbial ecology is the study of the relationship between microbes and their environment.
• Microbial genetics is the studyof microbial genes and how they regulate various microbial functions.
• Evolutionary microbiology deals with the study of the evolution of microbes. It involves taxonomy (naming and classification) and systematics (relationship with other microbes).
• Medical microbiology is the study of pathogenic microbes.
• Industrial microbiology is concerned with the use of microbes to produce industrially relevant compounds, including vitamins, enzymes, antibiotics, vaccines, ethanol, vinegar, etc.
• Food microbiology is the study of microbes that cause food-borne illnesses and microbes that can be used to prepare fermented foods.
• Agricultural microbiology is the study of agriculturally important microbes. It is divided into plant pathology and plant-microbe interaction in soil.
• Biotechnology is concerned with using microbes and their products like enzymes for recombinant DNA technology.
• Biochemistry is the study of biomolecules that are a part of the microbial structure.
Scope of microbiology
The study of microbes can be extremely beneficial as they form a very important role in our lives. Although it is difficult to see them, they are present in almost every part of the earth. From hot water springs to the coldest place on the planet, from the air that we breathe to the water that we drink, the soil where our crops grow, and even inanimate objects, microbes can be isolated from everywhere. Since there are both beneficial and harmful microbes, an in-depth study of them is required. Microbiology plays a vital role in producing antibiotics like penicillin from the moldPenicillium, vaccines, cheese, biosurfactants, alcohol, vinegar, enzymes, etc. Apart from this, microbiology has helped accurately diagnose various diseases, including malaria, AIDS, COVID-19, food poisoning, typhoid, etc. In addition, agricultural practices have improved with plant growth-promoting microbes giving rise to pesticide-free organic produce. Microbes have also helped clean up the environment by treating oil spills and industrial waste.

What are your options with microbiology?

The world of microbes is large and fascinating. Students who opt for microbiology can take up teaching and research in the field. Apart from this, most industries, be it food, environment, pharmaceutical, or any other industry, require quality assurance technologists who need to be well versed with microbes and techniques used to identify and handle them. Medical technologists that help in the identification of microbes from various samples are needed in every hospital and medical institute. You can also go into clinical or healthcare research or use your knowledge to help find better ways for increasing crop production.

Why do students require microbiology homework help?

Despite it being an interesting topic, it is difficult for students to understand all the concepts. Moreover, many students find it difficult to manage their experiments and maintain accurate records. Constant assessments, regular homework, assignments, projects, and essays often take a toll on the student. On top of it, every tutor has a different teaching style which may or may not be easily understood by students. Some topics, including microbial genetics and recombinant technology, are difficult for students to grasp. Biochemistry often baffles young minds with its detailed structures and complex pathways, which causes them to seek microbiology homework help from professionals.

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