1. What is inflammation?
The defense response of a living tissue with a vascular system to an injury factor is inflammation. The vascular response is the central link in the inflammatory process. Inflammation is what people usually call "inflammation". It is a kind of defense reaction of the body to stimulation, which is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, pain and dysfunction. The inflammation may be an infectious inflammation caused by an infection, or may be a non-infectious inflammation caused by an infection. In general, inflammation is beneficial and is the body's automatic defense response, but sometimes inflammation is also harmful, such as attacks on the body's own tissues, inflammation in transparent tissues, and so on.
In the process of inflammation, on the one hand, the damage factor directly or indirectly causes destruction of tissues and cells, and on the other hand, through inflammation and hyperemia and exudation reactions, to dilute, kill and surround the damage factor. At the same time, the damaged tissue is repaired and healed by the regeneration of parenchymal and interstitial cells. Therefore, it can be said that inflammation is a unified process of injury and damage resistance.

2. Classification of inflammation:
The response of inflammation to the local tissue of the body's injury is called an inflammatory response.
One: divided into acute and chronic according to the duration. Acute inflammation is mainly caused by redness, swelling, pain, etc., that is, inflammation caused by the reaction of the vascular system. Local vasodilatation, slow blood, blood and neutrophils and other blood components exuded into the tissue, exudation is mainly centered on the vein, but the exudation of high molecular substances such as protein only uses pressure difference and colloidal penetration inside and outside the blood vessel. The pressure difference of the pressure cannot be explained, and the role of various substances capable of enhancing vascular permeability is emphasized. This substance mainly includes: (1) amines such as histamine and serotonin can cause immediate reactions after inflammatory stimulation. (2) A polypeptide represented by bradykinin, kallidin, and methio-nyl-lysyl-bradykinin. Its common features are vascular hyperpermeability, smooth muscle contraction, vasodilation, and promotion of leukocyte migration. The structure of the bradykinin and lysyl bradykinin has been determined. (3) Proteases such as plasmin, kallikrein, and globulin-PF are not themselves acting as vascular permeability substances. However, kininine can be made to become a kinin. However, it is unknown that the above substances act on the part of the blood vessel and the mechanism of action. Histologically, it can be seen that the vascular exudation reaction and the repair process that occur when acute inflammation occurs are mixed together. It can be seen that macrophages, lymphocytes, plasma cells infiltrate and fibroblast proliferation.
Two: The main tissue changes from inflammation can be classified as follows: (1) Metamorphic inflammation. (2) Exudative inflammation (serous inflammation, fibrinitis, suppurative inflammation, hemorrhagic inflammation, necrotizing inflammation, catarrhal inflammation). (3) proliferative inflammation. (4) Specific inflammation (tuberculosis, syphilis, leprosy, lymphogranuloma, etc.)

3. Causes of inflammation

Any factor that causes tissue damage can be the cause of inflammation, the inflammatory agent. Can be summarized into the following categories:
Biological factors: bacteria, viruses, rickettsia, mycoplasma, fungi, spirochetes and parasites are the most common causes of inflammation. Inflammation caused by biological pathogens is also known as infection. Exotoxin and endotoxin produced by bacteria can directly damage tissues; replication of the virus in infected cells leads to cell necrosis; certain antigenic pathogens infect and damage tissues such as parasitic infections and tuberculosis through an induced immune response.
Physical factors: high temperature, low temperature, radioactive materials and ultraviolet light and mechanical damage.
Chemical factors: exogenous chemicals such as strong acids, strong bases and turpentine, mustard gas. Endogenous toxic substances such as decomposition products of necrotic tissue and metabolites such as urea accumulated in the body under certain pathological conditions.
Foreign bodies: Foreign objects that enter the human body through various means, such as various metals, wood chips, dust particles, and surgical sutures, can cause different degrees of inflammatory reactions due to their different antigenicity.
Necrotic tissue: tissue necrosis can be caused by ischemia or hypoxia, and tissue necrosis is a potential inflammatory factor. The infiltration of the hemorrhagic and inflammatory cells at the edge of the fresh infarct is a manifestation of inflammation.
Allergies: When the body's immune response is abnormal, it can cause an inappropriate or excessive immune response, causing tissue and cell damage leading to inflammation. Tissue damage caused by immune response is most common in various types of hypersensitivity reactions: type I allergic reactions such as allergic rhinitis, urticaria, type II allergies such as anti-basement glomerulonephritis, type III allergies such as immunity Glomerulonephritis caused by complex deposition, type IV allergic reactions such as tuberculosis, typhoid, etc. In addition, there are many autoimmune diseases such as lymphocytic thyroiditis and ulcerative colitis.

4. Markers of inflammation
Different inflammations have different antibodies and neuroscience, such as: inflammatory biomarkers for severe asthma; therefore there are corresponding inflammatory biomarker tests. At present, a method for detecting an anti-inflammatory biomarker has a kit for jointly detecting a plurality of inflammatory biomarkers, including a blood clotting reagent, a microsphere reagent and a fluorescent reagent, wherein the hemolytic reagent contains a surfactant; The ball reagent comprises N kinds of microspheres having different diameters, wherein the N kinds of microspheres respectively correspond to a first monoclonal antibody which couples N kinds of inflammatory biomarkers, and the first monoclonal antibody is labeled with biotin, wherein , the value of N ranges from 2 to 10; the fluorescent reagent comprises a second monoclonal antibody of the N inflammatory biomarkers, the second monoclonal antibody is labeled with fluorescein, and the The binding sites of the first monoclonal antibody and the second monoclonal antibody are different from the antigen.